abstract：:This article discusses the epidemiology of cardiovascular (CV) events in end-stage and early renal disease, summarizes the profile of classic and nonclassic CV risk factors in renal patients, highlights recent evidence documenting accelerated atherogenesis in renal disease, and provides information on the central arte...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Dikow R,Zeier M,Ritz E

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The work of the pioneers in PFO closure finally may evolve into a front-line therapy for secondary prevention of stroke in selected patients who have PFO and embolic events. Current implants, although new to most of interventional cardiology and neurology, are the result of years of steady, progressive work. It seems ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Kapadia SR

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, that underlies it are hyper-coagulable states. Increased platelet reactivity,augmented activity of the coagulation system,and impaired fibrinolysis are characteristic and understood to a remarkable extent. In aggregate,these derangements contribute to ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Sobel BE,Schneider DJ

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Once considered dangerous and potentially life threatening, cardiac catheterization of the patient with pulmonary hypertension can be performed safely and provides essential information in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertension. This article summarizes the modern techniques used for right-heart cathete...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Guillinta P,Peterson KL,Ben-Yehuda O

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeted ultrasound imaging uses acoustically active contrast agents bearing a ligand on the surface that binds to a function-specific molecule. These ultrasound contrast agents are typically gas-filled microbubbles, nongaseous liposomes, or lipid-encapsulated perfluorocarbon emulsions. Binding of the contrast agent t...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Villanueva FS,Wagner WR,Vannan MA,Narula J

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The success of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) led to the concept of a device that would terminate atrial fibrillation (AF) using an implantable device. Implantable devices for AF are undergoing rapid evolution. Currently used devices combine pacing and cardioversion therapies to prevent and to treat ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Tse HF,Lau CP

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past, much attention in imaging research was focused on the macroscopic morphology and patency of arteries. Only recently, research and clinical interest have shifted to the microcirculation and its impact on the long-term prognosis in patients with vascular diseases. This focus and newly developed therapeutic ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Kantor B,Möhlenkamp S

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:On a variety of fronts, chronic infection has been found to be significantly associated with the development of atherosclerosis and the clinical complications of unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and stroke. For the most part, these relationships are still just associations. Failure to confirm initial reports of...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Muhlestein JB,Anderson JL

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the decline in rheumatic heart disease worldwide and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis, there is no evidence that the incidence of infective endocarditis is decreasing. In fact, some data suggest it may be increasing. The classical fever of unknown origin presentation represents a minority of infective endocar...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Crawford MH,Durack DT

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The AbioCor is a revolutionary device. It is the only device of its kind in the clinical world. The role of the AbioCor is to provide permanent replacement of the failing heart for patients who are not transplant candidates. The clinical trial has been successful in the majority (four of seven) of patients implanted t...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Samuels LE,Dowling R

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the 1960s, when LVADs and TAHs were introduced into clinical use, researchers estimated that, with this technology, the problem of heart failure could be solved within 20 years. Unfortunately, the evolution of these devices has taken much longer than anticipated. Nevertheless, significant advances have been achieve...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Frazier OH

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medical management of PAD is a considerable challenge. Although patients typically present with IC, there is a substantial pool of subclinical PAD patients. PAD, whether symptomatic or not, confers a marked cardiovascular risk; with affected patients dying of heart attack or stroke, identification of index patients an...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Brook RD,Weder AB,Grossman PM,Rajagopalan S

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Subaortic stenosis can be a complex disease of multiple anatomic etiologies. At the core is either an elongated and narrow outflow tract as compared to normal or a fully muscle-rimmed VSD used as an intraventricular routing pathway. An array of treatment modalities is needed for an effective management strategy. ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Van Arsdell G,Tsoi K

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic hypertension is a major public health problem and is perhaps the most common chronic disorder in most societies. Most patients with vascular disease report hypertension in their medical history. Irrespective of the specialty that one practices, every physician will likely encounter patients with systemic hype...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Ram CV,Fenves A

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The field of defibrillation is one of the most rapidly advancing areas in resuscitation. Defibrillation is also one of the most promising interventions for achieving improved survival from cardiac arrest. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the science and clinical applications of defibrillation. ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Peberdy MA

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To whatever extent the improvement in symptoms and survival rendered by treatment with ACE inhibitors is attributable to their effects on the circulation and the kidneys, this benefit can be rescinded by concomitant administration of aspirin. Although some useful prostaglandin-independent actions may persist, shutting...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Hall D

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In conclusion, the findings of most recent studies show that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training can lower BP in patients with stage 1 and 2 essential hypertension. The average reduction in BP is 10.5 mm Hg for systolic and 7.6 mm Hg for diastolic BP. The reductions do not appear to be gender- or age-specific...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Kokkinos PF,Narayan P,Papademetriou V

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has long been unclear how exercise training improves myocardial perfusion in patients with stable CAD. Regression of coronary atherosclerosis and collateral formation have been favorite theories; however, angiographic techniques have so far failed to document any significant increase in coronary collaterals at rest...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Gielen S,Hambrecht R

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Initial pharmacologic therapy for hypertension is low-dose thiazide diuretics, beta-blockers, and ACE inhibitors. Increasing data have confirmed that ACE inhibitors have specific benefit in patients with diabetes, atherosclerosis, left ventricular dysfunction, and renal insufficiency. CCBs are alternative agents for I...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Ferdinand KC

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Apoptosis consists of a complex set of biochemical events initiated by an array of different stimuli and enzymatic pathways. There is a set of common morphologic and biochemical features of apoptosis that could be exploited as hot or cold targets to image cardiovascular apoptosis. First, the authors review the potenti...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Blankenberg FG,Strauss HW

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transesophageal echocardiography has assisted the detection of intracardiac masses and, in certain cases, aided our ability to define the specific type of mass. This technique, when coupled with three-dimensional imaging, may help to define infiltration of the wall. TEE aids in the intraoperative management of cardiac...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Goldman JH,Foster E

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) provides excellent delineation of ventricular function in the ambulatory and critical settings. Major indications include the acutely ill patient with suboptimal images with other techniques and the intraoperative assessment of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and of cardiac p...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Skiles JA,Griffin BP

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article, the author sought to review the two primary components of diastolic function that are most directly and accurately determined using invasive methodologies. For chamber relaxation this is optimally achieved using a micromanometer catheter, whereas for chamber compliance (or its inverse stiffness) this ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Kass DA

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Optimum arrhythmia management has evolved to couple ICD therapy with catheter ablative and drug therapy to attempt to eliminate or reduce arrhythmia risk. No longer should the clinician approach such therapy as a choice among single alternative strategies only. Optimum patient management includes not only recognition ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Marchlinski FE,Zado ES,Callans DJ,Patel VV,Ashar MS,Hsia HH,Russo AM

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The chronotropic response is the most important means by which cardiac output is increased and oxygen delivery is maintained in response to increased oxygen consumption during exercise or stress. When the chronotropic response is suboptimal or absent, exercise intolerance results. This condition, called chronotropic i...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Strobel JS,Kay GN

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diseases of the thoracic aorta are serious conditions that require close observations. Impressive advances in imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography sacs, and transesophageal echocardiography have aided diagnosis and provided insights into the pathogenesis and natural history of tho...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Fuster V,Andrews P

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because of constraints on the costs of providing medical care, cardiologists in the future will find themselves challenged to provide care for their patients in the most cost-effective manner possible. Although stress-echocardiography has been shown to compare favorably with other tests in diagnostic accuracy, data on...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Marine JE,Freedberg KA,Davidoff R

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The goal of anticoagulant therapy in unstable angina is to prevent progression of a subocclusive coronary thrombus to complete occlusion of the coronary artery, thereby preventing myocardial infarction and death. Although these have been many advances in therapy with anticoagulants, considerable morbidity and mortalit...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Choy JB,Armstrong PW

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As the incidence of valvular disease in the elderly is increasing, understanding of its pathogenesis and natural progression as well as surgical approaches and device technologies are improving. Future studies are needed to develop medical interventions that slow or halt the degenerative valvular processes associated ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Hinchman DA,Otto CM

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As the next millennium approaches, excitement and promise characterize the future of dilated cardiomyopathy. Until recently, dilated cardiomyopathy was considered an incurable, uniformly fatal chronic disease. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that at least a quarter of patients with recent onset of symptoms wit...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Starling RC,Young JB

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heterogeneous disease, both clinically and genetically. Two genes responsible for X-linked DCM have been identified. Five genetic loci responsible for X-linked DCM have been identified. Five genetic loci responsible for autosomal dominant DCM have also been mapped but no genes identified so...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Bachinski LL,Roberts R

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tricuspid and mitral valves are homologous whose function depends on coordination among components. Isolated tricuspid valve abnormalities are relatively uncommon. Rheumatic disease, chemicals, immunologic and degenerative disorders alter leaflet anatomy and may result in either stenosis, insufficiency or a combin...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Blaustein AS,Ramanathan A

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There have been significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of the patient with mitral stenosis over the past two decades. Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography have supplanted the cardiac catheterization laboratory in the diagnosis and determination of the hemodynamic severity of the stenotic mitral va...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Bruce CJ,Nishimura RA

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Magnetic resonance imaging is unique in its variety of applications for imaging the cardiovascular system. A thorough assessment of myocardial structure, function, and perfusion; assessment of coronary artery anatomy and flow; and spectroscopic evaluation of cardiac energetics can be readily performed by magnetic reso...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Kramer CM

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several studies have indicated that women sustaining a myocardial infarction have a higher unadjusted short-term (i.e., in-hospital or 30-day) mortality than men. The advanced age of women at the time of presentation appears to be the major factor contributing to their worse prognosis relative to men. Controlling for ...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Nohria A,Vaccarino V,Krumholz HM

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Until recently, catheter-based radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation was limited to palliative approaches of either atrioventricular node ablation or modification. It is now recognized that at least a proportion of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation may be suitable for curative ablation of an under...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Kalman JM,Scheinman MM

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this era of interventional electrophysiology, the accuracy of the electrocardiogram in diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia could be improved by detailed endocardial mapping and confirmed by results of radiofrequency catheter ablation. This article describes the electrocardiographic characteristics for differe...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Chen SA,Tai CT,Chiang CE,Chang MS

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There has been heightened interest in the design and role of preparticipation screening for high school and college athletes. An American Heart Association consensus panel, composed of cardiovascular specialists and other physician experts having extensive clinical experience with athletes of all ages as well as a leg...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Maron BJ

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The noninvasive assessment of patients who present with syncope is based on a thorough, complete history and physical examination. The history requires close attention to precipitating events and the description of the spell. Often, patients are poor historians with regard to symptoms leading up to and following the e...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Hammill SC

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracoronary ultrasound provides unique information during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), including more accurate measurement of vessel size and plaque burden as well as plaque characteristics such as composition and distribution. As a research tool, it has been useful in determining the mecha...

journal_title：Cardiology clinics

authors： Tenaglia AN

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00